The horn speaker uses the most basic physical concept, and its working principle is just the opposite of our ears. The diameter of the external auditory canal gradually decreases from the outside to the inside, and the sound pressure will gradually increase accordingly. This structure can help us hear softer sounds. Before the creation of deaf hearing aids, people with impaired hearing used to put a horn on their ears to amplify the sound. This is the most primitive hearing aid. Based on the same principle, using two palms next to the ears can also improve hearing.
The primitive cave dwellers have already understood: put your hands in a circle on your mouth, the sound can be transmitted farther. The ancient Greeks and Romans had a deeper understanding of this. Their semicircular theater was actually a grand horn: the stage was equivalent to the throat of the horn, and the actor was equivalent to the diaphragm. In such a theater, even sitting in the last row of the theater (113 meters away from the stage), you can clearly hear the soft voices of the actors.
In 1919, the American physicist Arthur G. Webster invented the exponential type corner horn. Due to the efficiency as high as 50% (the efficiency of the general moving coil horn is only 1-10%, the efficiency of the Klipsch horn horn is about 30%). Soon it was widely used in theaters, stadiums and other places that require loud sound. The biggest feature of the horn speaker is its high efficiency, a little power can make a great sound. Its disadvantage is that it is not conducive to low frequency playback. If you want to play back low frequencies, you need a very long horn. Take playback of 50Hz frequency as an example. The opening diameter of the horn needs to be two meters, and the length must be greater than five meters. In 1940, American engineer Paul W. Klipsch designed a foldable woofer horn loudspeaker with a small volume suitable for home use. Using the driver in the corner of the room, the wall of the room was used as an oversized horn. When Klipschorn celebrated its 50th birthday, This type of speaker is still in production. Altec Lansing, founded in 1927, is another legend of horn speakers. The A7 "Voice of Theater" launched in 1956 is still popular today. British Vitavox, established in 1932, launched a CN191 horn horn comparable to Klipschorn in 1947, with a frequency response of 20Hz-20kHz, and it is still in production.
The characteristics of a horn speaker will vary depending on the length, shape, and materials used. From the early iron, aluminum, and zinc horns, they gradually evolved into plastic, cement, wooden horns, synthetic horns and other materials. Proper design can partially solve the problem of less detailed sound quality of horn speakers; improper design can even cause roaring effects. Horns can be divided into hyperbolic, parabolic, exponential and conical according to their shape, among which exponential horns are most commonly used. Some horns have too strong directivity, and an acoustic lens (Acoustic Lens) must be added to the front to increase the angle of sound diffusion. Some simplified folding horns have been proposed one after another. Some designs use short horns and room walls to enhance the low frequencies emitted by the back of the horn, and at the same time emit the mid and high pitches directly from the front of the cone. Such folding horns with load behind are usually Has a good effect.
The advantages of horn speakers
What are the advantages of horn speakers? We all know that the efficiency of horn speakers is very high. In fact, high efficiency is not the advantage of horn speakers. Many cone speakers have an efficiency of more than 90 dB. The advantage of the horn horn is that only a little interval of the diaphragm reciprocating can push a lot of air energy, because the interval of the diaphragm reciprocating movement is very short, the distortion rate is much lower. If the cone-shaped horn wants to push a lot of air energy, it must do intense and large-scale reciprocating motion. When the cone is reciprocating strongly and greatly, the distortion is often very high. In other words, on the surface, the advantage of horn speakers is high efficiency, but the real advantage is very low distortion.
In fact, as long as you have a truly high-quality horn speaker, coupled with an appropriate amplifier, the highly facsimile, direct, lively, broad, and detailed features of the horn speaker will really be unforgettable for a lifetime.
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